The Historic Conviction of C. Murugesan: A Landmark Case in India’s Caste Struggle

On October 13, 1925, a significant yet often overlooked incident occurred at the Sri Padmavathi Ammavari Temple located in Tiruchanoor, Chitoor district of Madras Presidency. This temple, situated approximately 5 kilometers from the renowned hill temple of Lord Venkateswara in Tirupati, holds immense cultural and religious significance for many Hindus. Local tradition dictates that a pilgrimage to the revered hilltop shrine is incomplete without first obtaining the blessings of the goddess at the base.

On that fateful morning, C. Murugesan, a man from a community deemed ‘untouchable’ at the time, attempted to perform a humble act of devotion. With no political motivations nor any accompanying crowd, he intended merely to offer a simple karpura harathi, lighting camphor as a token of reverence. However, this act of worship was met with swift and severe backlash from the temple authorities.

Murugesan’s attempt to pray was quickly deemed unacceptable, and within hours, local police arrested him under Section 295 of the Indian Penal Code. This legal provision, which addresses the “defilement of a place of worship,” specifies punishment for actions intended to insult the religious sentiments of any group. The lower court wasted no time in convicting him, imposing either a fine of Rs 75 or a month of rigorous imprisonment.

For many orthodox Hindus at the time, the court’s ruling was a reaffirmation of their perceived entitlement to control sacred spaces, reinforcing the deep-rooted caste divisions that permeated society. In contrast, this conviction galvanized members of the anti-caste movement, who viewed Murugesan’s arrest as a blatant injustice and a violation of his fundamental right to worship. This incident highlighted the broader struggles faced by marginalized communities seeking dignity and respect within India’s religious and social framework.

Today, C. Murugesan’s courageous act and subsequent conviction serve as a potent reminder of the historical challenges posed by caste discrimination in India. As the nation continues to grapple with issues surrounding social equity and justice, this moment in 1925 remains a landmark event, symbolizing both the fight against caste oppression and the ongoing journey towards a more inclusive society.

Source: scroll.in